Daily Archives: February 10, 2008

American Families Abandoning National Parks


 I am happy to say that as a family, we have visited 3 National Parks in the last 6 months. First, in October, we went to Yosemite National Park, what an amazing place!  My children loved it and my wife and I were able to enjoy nature without all the influences of  cell phones and the web.

Just this evening, we arrived home from a 10 day trip that started in Southern California.  We journeyed to the Grand Canyon, the Petrified Forest, Roswell and the JFK Museum in Dallas.  The Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest National Parks were amazing and once again, my children were able to see some of the most  beautiful places on earth.

Although all these sites can be easily visualized online, it is important that one see them in person as there is really no comparison.  Online photos do not do the sites justice.  In addition, the quality time I was able to spend with my wife and kids is  becoming an extinct pastime for many of us as children’s  video games and long hours of work seem to keep many people away from nature.    See My Picture of Yosemite Here. 

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By Serena Gordon

HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAy, Feb. 8 (HealthDay News) — National parks were designed to be places where Americans could go to connect with nature, but that healthy ideal may be on the wane.

A new study published in this week’s issue of the Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences finds the use of America’s parks and forests may be down by as much as 25 percent since 1987.

“Outdoor health activities in nature are good for you in terms of physical, emotional and psychological well-being,” said study co-author Oliver Pergams, a research assistant professor in biology at the University of Illinois at Chicago. “If they’re being replaced by videos and other indoor sedentary activities, then kids aren’t getting the good stuff. They’re replacing those healthy activities with ones that are quite the opposite in many ways.”

His team believes the decline in national park use stems from this “videophilia,” which they define as the new human tendency to choose sedentary activities involving electronics over outdoor-based recreation.

“National parks and being outside are symbolic of a healthier lifestyle than where America seems to be going these days,” added Dr. Marc Siegel, an associate professor of medicine at the New York University School of Medicine. “We’ve been oriented toward environmental control and want everything to be 70 degrees, so we’re not communing with nature as much.”

While the United States is clearly a sedentary society, said Siegel, he’s not sure that there’s a direct correlation between the declining use of U.S. national parks and a sedentary lifestyle.

“It’s an interesting fact, but it could just mean that our tastes have changed,” said Siegel.

The study authors are particularly concerned that the declining use of national parks might lead to a society that’s less concerned with conservation.

“Environmentally responsible behavior results from direct contact with the environment,” they wrote. “People must be exposed to natural areas as children if they are to care about them as adults. Extended periods spent in natural areas, as well as creating role models, seem to create the most environmentally responsible behavior.”

To evaluate the exact usage of the large parks, the researchers looked for decline in usage for 16 different time periods. They looked at national parks in the United States, Japan and Spain, as well as the number of gaming licenses issued and other indicators of camping, backpacking and hiking.

In the United States, visits to national parks steadily increased from the 1930s until 1987. Since that time, the study found the use of these parks has been declining by a little more than 1 percent each year. For some parks, that’s translated to a decline in 25 percent in visits since the 1980s.

The researchers also found that parks in Japan and Spain have experienced a similar decrease in usage.

“The trend in declining nature extends beyond U.S. political and cultural boundaries,” they wrote.

The only activity that seemed to increase was day hiking. Other activities studied, such as camping, fishing and hunting, declined during the study period.

That’s a shame because “there have been a lot of studies that show that being out in nature and participating in outdoor activities is good for you,” said study co-author Patty Zaradic, Environmental Leadership Fellow and conservation ecologist at Bryn Mawr College, in Pennsylvania.

However, based on the new findings, “there would need to be more than 70 million national park visits to get it back up to its peak,” she noted.

The good news, however, according to Siegel, is that there probably aren’t any dire health messages contained in this particular study. While people participating in fewer outdoor activities may get less sunshine, and therefore less vitamin D, Siegel said that you generally get enough sun exposure to make sufficient vitamin D just from walking to the office from your car.

And, while America is “clearly a sedentary society,” he doesn’t believe an extra visit or two to a national park will cure America’s obesity problem.

But Zaradic believes the problem runs deeper than that. “We tend to underestimate how important it is for ourselves and for our kids to get out and play in the dirt and to vacation somewhere like a state park or national park,” she said. “We have forgotten how important our relationship with the real world is for our well-being.”

More information

If you want to buck the trend and head outdoors, visit the National Park Service.

Anti-Wrinkle Drugs Dangerous?


By LAURAN NEERGAARD, AP Medical Writer

The popular anti-wrinkle drug Botox and a competitor have been linked to dangerous botulism symptoms in some users, cases so bad that a few children given the drugs for muscle spasms have died, the government warned Friday.

The Food and Drug Administration’s warning includes both Botox, a wrinkle-specific version called Botox Cosmetic, and its competitor, Myobloc, drugs that all use botulinum toxin to block nerve impulses, causing them to relax.

In rare cases, the toxin can spread beyond the injection site to other parts of the body, paralyzing or weakening the muscles used for breathing and swallowing, a potentially fatal side effect, the FDA said.

Botox is best known for minimizing wrinkles by paralyzing facial muscles — but botulinum toxin also is widely used for a variety of muscle-spasm conditions, such as cervical dystonia or severe neck spasms.

The FDA said the deaths it is investigating so far all involve children, mostly cerebral palsy patients being treated for spasticity in their legs. The FDA has never formally approved that use for the drugs, but some other countries have.

However, the FDA warned that it also is probing reports of illnesses in people of all ages who used the drugs for a variety of conditions, including at least one hospitalization of a woman given Botox for forehead wrinkles.

The FDA wouldn’t say exactly how many reports it is probing.

“We’re not talking hundreds. It’s a relative handful,” said Dr. Russell Katz, FDA’s neurology chief.

But the agency warned that patients receiving a botulinum toxin injection for any reason — cosmetic or medical — should be told to seek immediate care if they suffer symptoms of botulism, including: difficulty swallowing or breathing, slurred speech, muscle weakness, or difficulty holding up their head.

“I think people should be aware there’s a potential for this to happen,” Katz said. “People should be on the lookout for it.”

Friday’s warning came two weeks after the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen petitioned the FDA to strengthen warnings to users of Botox and Myobloc — citing 180 reports of U.S. patients suffering fluid in the lungs, difficulty swallowing or pneumonia, including 16 deaths.

Nor is it the first warning. The drugs’ labels do warn about the potential for botulinum toxin to spread beyond the injection site and occasionally kill, but the warnings link that side effect to patients with certain neuromuscular diseases, such as myasthenia gravis.

That’s what’s different about these latest cases, said FDA’s Katz: The botulism toxin seems to be harming people who don’t have that particular risk factor. (Cerebral palsy involves a brain injury, not a disease.)

Still, the FDA cautioned that its investigation is in the early stages. It has asked Botox maker Allergan Inc. and Myobloc maker Solstice Neurosciences Inc. to provide additional safety records.

Allergan spokeswoman Caroline Van Hove said children with cerebral palsy receive far larger doses injected into their leg muscles than the doses given adults seeking wrinkle care.

In a statement, Solstice said it supports FDA’s probe but stressed that the agency hasn’t concluded the drug poses any new risk.

While the FDA said the problems may be related to overdoses, it also has reports of side effects with a variety of doses.

Public Citizen’s Dr. Sidney Wolfe criticized FDA’s warning as falling short. He asked that the agency order a black-box warning, the FDA’s strongest type, be put on the drugs’ labels and require that every patient receive a pamphlet outlining the risk before each injection.

“Every doctor needs to notified about this, every patient needs to be notified,” Wolfe said. “Children are showing the way, unfortunately some dead children.”

He said drug regulators in Britain and Germany last year required that sterner warnings be sent to every doctor in those countries.

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On the Net:

FDA: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/early_comm/botulinium_toxins.htm

Flu Virus Resistant to Tamiflu Drug?


By LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN

A small but significant percentage of the main influenza virus causing illness this winter in Europe, Canada and the United States has a mutation that makes it resistant to the anti-influenza drug Tamiflu, the World Health Organization said Wednesday.

Scientists said they were surprised by the finding because they had believed that mutations of this type generally made the virus less potent and less easily spread among people. The predominant influenza virus circulating this winter is influenza A/H1N1. The Tamiflu-resistant form of the virus, known as influenza A(H1N1 H274Y), has been found with varying frequency in various areas of four European countries, Canada and the United States.

There are no immediate plans to recommend changes in the use of Tamiflu, which is also known as oseltamivir, officials from the W.H.O. and the United States said in interviews, because the incidence of the mutant virus is still small. Tamiflu is one of the antiviral drugs used to treat influenza in its early stages.

Nevertheless, officials from the W.H.O., a United Nations agency in Geneva, said they were troubled by the discovery.

“Clearly, this is of global concern, but it is not a global problem now,” Dr. Frederick G. Hayden, an influenza expert at the organization, said in a telephone interview.

The standard influenza vaccine still protects against the mutant virus, said Dr. Hayden and Dr. Alicia Fry, an influenza epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.

Norwegian epidemiologists first called attention to the problem last week when they reported that the mutation was present in 12 of 16, or 75 percent, of viruses isolated in that country from patients in the earliest part of the influenza season, in November and December.

The Norwegian rate was the highest among the four European countries — Britain, Denmark, France and Norway — that reported the mutant virus. There was no evidence that the 12 cases in Norway were linked to one another.

Over all, the mutant form was found in 19 of the viruses isolated from 148 patients or 13 percent, in a monitoring system that the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control runs in 10 European countries.

The overall percentage fell to 5 if Norway was excluded.

In the United States, the Tamiflu resistant strain was found in 9 of 237, or 3.8 percent of patients from whom influenza type A and B viruses were isolated this winter, and all 9 were in the A(H1N1) category, making them 6.7 percent of those 135 cases, Dr. Fry, said in a telephone interview.

The W.H.O. conducted a teleconference lasting two hours on Tuesday to collect information from experts in a number of countries. The participants agreed that continued close monitoring was needed to collect information on a larger number of patients to determine the frequency, transmission and distribution of the mutant strain as well as its virulence, Dr. Hayden said.

Scientists also want to learn how the resistance developed. It is unlikely to have been from use of Tamiflu, Dr. Hayden said, in part because no cases have been detected in Japan, where the drug is often used in treatment.

Cell Phone Use And Infertility In Men-


This article should cause all who read it to reconsider the amount of time they use on their cell phone.   This article was published on the Scientific American Website. 

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By Amy Norton

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Spending hours on a cell phone each day may affect the quality of a man’s sperm, preliminary research suggests.

In a study of 361 men seen at their infertility clinic, researchers at the Cleveland Clinic found an association between the patients’ cell phone use and their sperm quality.

On average, the more hours the men spent on their cell phones each day, the lower their sperm count and the greater their percentage of abnormal sperm.

The findings, published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, add to questions about the potential health effects of cell phones and other wireless devices. Some studies, for example, have linked long-term cell phone use to a higher risk of brain tumors, though many other studies have found no such connection.

The concern is that, over time, the electromagnetic energy emitted from mobile phones could theoretically harm body tissue — by damaging DNA, for example.

However, the new findings do not prove that cell phones somehow damage sperm, according to the researchers.

“Our results show a strong association of cell phone use with decreased semen quality. However, they do not prove a cause-and- effect relationship,” lead researcher Dr. Ashok Agarwal told Reuters Health.

He and his colleagues based their findings on semen samples from 361 men who came to their infertility clinic over one year. All of the men were questioned about their cell phone habits.

In general, the researchers found, sperm count and sperm quality tended to decline as daily cell phone hours increased. Men who said they used their phones for more than four hours each day had the lowest average sperm count and the fewest normal, viable sperm.

“We infer from our results that heavy cell phone use … is associated with a lower semen quality,” Agarwal said. But whether cell phones somehow directly affect men’s fertility is not clear.

Agarwal said he and his colleagues have two studies underway aiming to shed light on the issue. In one, they are exposing semen samples to electromagnetic radiation from cell phones to see what, if any, effects occur.

The second is a follow-up to the current study that is assessing a larger group of men. Agarwal said this study is more rigorously designed and will account for certain other factors like lifestyle habits and occupational exposures that might affect sperm quality.

SOURCE: Fertility and Sterility, January 2008.