Inca Brain Surgeons Did Great 600 years ago May 14, 2008
Posted by healthandsurvival in History of Medicine, Survival, medicine.Tags: brain, health, history, inca, Life, medicine, news, south americam, surgeons, surgery
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for National Geographic News
Inca surgeons in ancient Peru commonly and successfully removed small portions of patients’ skulls to treat head injuries, according to a new study.
The surgical procedure—known as trepanation—was most often performed on adult men, likely to treat injuries suffered during combat, researchers say.
A similar procedure is performed today to relieve pressure caused by fluid buildup following severe head trauma.
Around the ancient Inca capital of Cuzco (see Peru map), remains dating back to A.D. 1000 show that surgical techniques were standardized and perfected over time, according to the report.
Many of the oldest skulls showed no evidence of bone healing following the operation, suggesting that the procedure was probably fatal.
But by the 1400s, survival rates approached 90 percent, and infection levels were very low, researchers say.
The new findings show that Inca surgeons had developed a detailed knowledge of cranial anatomy, said lead author Valerie Andrushko, of Southern Connecticut State University in New Haven.
“These people were skilled surgeons,” she said.
Beer, Plants Aided Patients
Inca healers carefully avoided areas of the skull where cutting would be more likely to cause brain injury, bleeding, or infection, Andrushko noted.
The operations were conducted without the modern benefits of anesthesia and antibiotics, but medicinal plants were probably used, she said.
“They were aware of the medicinal properties of many wild plants, including coca and wild tobacco,” Andrushko said.
“These, along with maize beer, may have been used to alleviate some of the pain.
“Natural antiseptics such as balsam and saponins [plants with soaplike properties] may have reduced the likelihood of infection following trepanation,” she added.
The new study was recently published online in The American Journal of Physical Anthropology….. Read Rest of Story Here
JAMA questions Vioxx publishing practices April 19, 2008
Posted by healthandsurvival in Diseases, Drugs, History of Medicine, Home Health, Society, Survival, Wellness, health, medicine.Tags: Drugs, fraud, health, medicine, Merck, news
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This seriously challenges the relationship between physicians and drug companies. This again reinforces the need for physicians to rely more on generic medications in place of name brand medicines not only to keep healthcare costs down but for also for patient safety.
JAMA lambastes Vioxx publishing practices
Pregnant Man To Have Child- April 3, 2008
Posted by healthandsurvival in History of Medicine, Politics and Medicine, Society, Women's Health, health, medicine.Tags: health, Life, man, medicine, news, pregnant, Society, strange, weird, women
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It’s My Right to Have Kid, Pregnant Man Tells Oprah
Transgender Man Says He Kept Uterus Intending to Become Pregnant
By RUSSELL GOLDMAN
April 3, 2008 —
Thomas Beatie, a former woman who is now a pregnant man, defended his decision today to have a baby, saying he has a “right to have a biological child.”
Despite removing his breasts, growing a wispy beard and legally having his gender changed from female to male, Beatie, 34, kept his female sex organs intact because he hoped to have a child some day.
After years of struggling with his sexual identity and deciding to live as a man, he did the most womanly thing possible — he became pregnant.
In an exclusive interview with Oprah Winfrey, Beatie said his lifelong desire to have children motivated him to use his still working female reproductive organs when he learned that Nancy, his wife of five years, was unable to conceive.
“I actually opted not to do anything to my reproductive organs because I wanted to have a child one day. I see pregnancy as a process and it doesn’t define who I am,” Beatie told Winfrey.
“I feel it’s not a male or female desire to have a child. It’s a human need. I’m a person and I have the right to have a biological child.”
Beatie was impregnated with sperm from a donor. His wife, Nancy, inseminated him at home with a device she said was like a syringe without the needle. They bought it from a veterinarian and it is typically used to feed birds.
He has an intact vagina, but he he did not say how he would deliver the baby.
Beatie, who was born Tracy, said he first felt he was trapped in the wrong body when he was in his 20s. He quickly went from a Miss Teen Hawaii USA finalist to taking testosterone and growing a beard.
“Sexuality is completely different than your gender,” he said, responding to a question about why he did not remain a lesbian woman. “I felt more comfortable being the male gender.”
“It was difficult for society to respect the way I felt inside if I didn’t look like a man outside. I started wearing men’s clothes and people started regarding me as a man.”
Despite having two adult children from her first marriage, Nancy said she could no longer have children because she had her uterus removed.
“It wasn’t difficult because I can’t have children,” Nancy said. “I had endometriosis and they had to remove my womb, therefore I don’t have a womb.”
Beatie and Nancy tried to conceive once before with him carrying the child, but the pregnancy was unsustainable because the fertilized egg had implanted outside of the uterus.
The couple had a difficult time finding a doctor who was willing to help them conceive.
They saw nine obstetricians before one was willing to help them.
“People’s normal perceptions are going to be challenged, but once I met Thomas and Nancy I realized they’re devoted and need quality medical care like everyone else,” doctor Kimberly James told Oprah.
“Thomas has been off testosterone for two years before even trying to conceive. His testosterone levels are normal. Some physical changes are permanent, but his hormone levels are normal. People ask ‘is the baby going to be normal?’ The baby is totally healthy,” she said.
The couple’s family and neighbors have reacted in different ways, some supportive, others less so.
When his first pregnancy failed, “my brother said it was a good thing that it didn’t happen because it would have been a monster,” he told Winfrey.
Nancy’s two daughters, however, are very supportive.
Neighbors, identified only as George and Victoria, from Bend, Ore., said they were more surprised that shocked.
“I was under the impression that Nancy was pregnant. I often see Thomas out and about cutting grass. Thomas told us it was he that was pregnant. I was surprised. It’s not Nancy? It’s Thomas. I have to get my head around this,” Victoria said.
Beatie said he and his wife are legally married because Beatie is legally a man. They plan to provide a happy home for their baby girl.
“Love makes a family and that’s all that matters,” he said.
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Take A Picture of Your Guts! February 2, 2008
Posted by healthandsurvival in Diseases, History of Medicine, health, medicine.Tags: cancer, health, Life, medicine, news, screening
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Camera In A Pill Offers Cheaper, Easier Window On Your Insides
ScienceDaily (2008-01-25) — A minuscule, single-eyed camera fits in a easily swallowed pill. The device would conduct low-cost screens to prevent esophageal cancer. A fundamentally new design has created a smaller endoscope that is more comfortable for the patient and cheaper to use than current technology. Its first use on a human, scanning for early signs of esophageal cancer. … > read full article
Mayans sacrificed young boys, not virgin girls- January 28, 2008
Posted by healthandsurvival in History of Medicine, Society, Survival.Tags: anthropology, history, mayan, mexico, news, pyramids, Society, Survival
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Ancient Maya sacrificed boys not virgin girls: study
The victims of human sacrifice by Mexico’s ancient Mayans, who threw children into water-filled caverns, were likely boys and young men not virgin girls as previously believed, archeologists said on Tuesday.
The Maya built soaring temples and elaborate palaces in the jungles of Central America and southern Mexico before the Spanish conquest in the early 1500s.
Maya priests in the city of Chichen Itza in the Yucatan peninsula sacrificed children to petition the gods for rain and fertile fields by throwing them into sacred sinkhole caves, known as “cenotes.”
The caves served as a source of water for the Mayans and were also thought to be an entrance to the underworld.
Archeologist Guillermo de Anda from the University of Yucatan pieced together the bones of 127 bodies discovered at the bottom of one of Chichen Itza’s sacred caves and found over 80 percent were likely boys between the ages of 3 and 11.
The other 20 percent were mostly adult men said de Anda, who scuba dives to uncover Mayan jewels and bones.
He said children were often thrown alive to their watery graves to please the Mayan rain god Chaac. Some of the children were ritually skinned or dismembered before being offered to the gods, he said.
“It was thought that the gods preferred small things and especially the rain god had four helpers that were represented as tiny people,” said de Anda.
“So the children were offered as a way to directly communicate with Chaac,” he said.
Archeologists previously believed young female virgins were sacrificed because the remains, which span from around 850 AD until the Spanish colonization, were often found adorned with jade jewelry.
It is difficult to determine the sex of skeletons before they are fully matured, said de Anda, but he believes cultural evidence from Mayan mythology would suggest the young victims were actually male.
(Editing by Todd Eastham)
